barton



s AnTon.

Respirators.

2 Sheets--Sheet 1.

Patented March 24,1874.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

S. BARTG N. Respirators.

Patented March 24,1874.

away

Uivrrnn Smarts SAMUEL BARTON, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

IMPROVEMENT IN RESPIRATORS.

Specification forming pmt of Letters Patent No. l4,6, dated March 24, i874; application iiled March 29, 1873.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL BARTON, of London, England, have invented certain improvements in apparatus for protecting the face and head and permitting respiration in places where the atmosphere'isicharged with noxious/gases, or vapors, smoke, or other impurities, of whi ch the following' isa specification:

My invention relates to apparatus which, when properly tted and secured upon the head of any person, will permit the wearer to enter and remain with perfect safety in rooms or other places wherein the atmosphere is charged with noxious gases or vapors .or smoke.

rEhe manner in which the said apparatus is constructed and used is fully explained in the followingfdescription and the accompanying drawing.

Figure l is a perspective view, illustrating the manner of wearing my improved apparatus. Fig. 2 shows detached portions of the same. Fig. 3 is aperspective view, showing a modied form of the said apparatus. Fig. 4 is an inside view of the respirator shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a vertical section on the line .r Fig. 4. Fig. 6 `shows the metal face-piece of the said apparatus detached. Fig. 7 is ahorizontal section of the said face-piece with a lter, hereinafter described. Figs. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 are drawn to an enlarged scale.

Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the drawing.

a is a cover or shield, properly shaped to inclose the nose and mouth and the adjacent parts of 'the face. The said cover is preferably made of soft metal, so that it may be readily adapted to the contour of any face upon which it may be worn. To the edges of this cover I attach a tubular pad, b, of vulcanized india-rubber filled with water. The said metal cover is attached to a hood, c, which is formed to be drawn over the head and to fit closely the head, face, and neck, as shown in Figs. l and 3. The said hood is preferably,

made of some textile material rendered impervious to air and gas, by being coated with vulcanized india-rubber. The front of the hood is provided with eye-pieces or goggles d, of glass, which enable the wearer to see clearly, while protecting his eyes from the heated air or The eyes are further protected by av tubular pad, e, of vulcanized india-rubber, iilled with water, and iixed on the inner side of the hood in a position to bear upon the forehead and upper part of the cheeks. The ends of this pad meet the pad b, placed around the aforesaid face-cover, as shown in Fig. 4, and thus an air-tight joint is formed all around the eyes. For properly securing the cover and hood upon the head of the wearer, I use straps f f', of leather or other suitable material. One of these straps, f, is attached to the upper front part of the hood o, just above the goggles d, and passes over the head to the back of the hood. It is secured by a loop at the back of the hood, and its end is provided with a loop. rlhe second strap, f is passed through this loop around the front of the metal cover, and is secured by a buckle, as shown. this strap f the other strap, f, is also drawn tight, so that only one buckle will be required. The part c of the hood o, which covers the top of the head and neck, should be made of thinner material than the front part thereof; and at the bottom the said hood is provided with a string or band, whereby it may be drawn tight around the neck; or the hood may be conned by the collar of the coat. The aforesaid metal cover a is provided with a three-way tap, g, with valves so arranged that the passage to the outer surrounding -atmosphere may be opened or closed when desired.

If the above-described apparatus is to be used in connection with a bag or reservoir, It, of fresh air carried at the back of the wearer, as shown in Fig. l, I apply tubes h1 h2, of vulcanized india-rubber or other flexible material, to the inlet and outlet apertures, to connect the same with the air-bag 71., and the air is drawn therefrom through the inlet-tube h1 into the lungs, and returned through the outlettube h2 into the said bag. rlhese tubes are preferably corrugated7 as shown, to prevent their collapsing or being accidentally closed when the apparatus is in use. As the air expelled from the lungs will be charged with carbonio-acid gas, I attach to the said apparatus alter, z', containing in layers granulated quicklime, charcoal, and cotton-wool, or other brous material, saturated with glycerine or other fatty matter. The air expelled from the lungs, in returning to the reservoir h, must pass through By tightening these filtering materials, which will remove and absorb the carbonio acid and any organic impurities with which it may be charged. By this contrivance, the same quantity ot' air may be breathed a great number of times.

Instead of having the said apparatus connected with a portable air reservoir or bag, as above described, the inlet-valve h3 may be connected by a flexible tube to a iixed reservoir supplied with air by a pump or other suitable forciu g apparatus; or the said inlet-valve may be connected by a tube directly with an airpump 3 or, in some'instances, I may use a flexible pipe or tube long enough to extend beyond the vitiated atmosphere in which the apparatus is used, and opening into any space filled with pure air. Vith either of these lastmentioned arrangements, the air is drawn through the tubes or pipes from the source of supply, and is expelled through the outletvalve h4 into the surrounding atmosphere.

Instead of being provided with any of the above contrivances for insuring a supply of pure air, the said apparatus may have the facecover provided with a filter, fi, which permits the supply of air to be drawn directly from the surrounding atmosphere, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. The said filter is lled with alternate layers of various absorbent materials. The said lter, which is fixed upon the metal face-cover, is preferably constructed as follows: The aforesaid absorbent materials are placed in a cylinder, j, made of tin or other thin metal, with ends j of woven wire or porforated sheet metal. This cylinder is inclosed within another cylinder, k, which is secured to the aforesaid metal face-cover, and has a screweap, l, at 011e end for retaining the inner cylinder in place 5 the said cap being formed of brass or other suitable metal. A space, m, is left atthe other end between the inner and outer cylinders j k, as shown in Fig. 5, and from this space a passage extends to the inlet-valve h3. rIhe outlet-valve h4 is placed in a convenient position at one side of the face-cover. The air is drawn through the iilter and inlet-valve into the lungs, and expelled through the outletvalve into the surrounding atmosphere.

Y Fig. 5 also shows the said inner cylinder, placed eccentrieally within the outer cylinder, for the purpose of giving as large a space as possible between the two cylinders for the passage of the air; but, if desired, the two cylinders may be concentric with each other, as shown in Fig. 7.

When the apparatus is to be used in an atmosphere charged with smoke or dense impurities, I prefer that the aforesaid filter should contain layers of granulated charcoal, arranged alternately with cotton-wool or other fibrous material saturated with glycerine. When the atmosphere is charged with carbonio acid, the lter should contain granulated quicklime in addition to the above substances.

In some cases the metal face-cover may be used without the hood or the covering for the eyes, the said face-cover being secured by straps, as above described, or by other suitable means.

I claiml. The combination of the metal face-cover with the hood c, adapted to cover the entire head, as set forth.

2. The metal face-cover, having the threeway tap attached directly thereto, and forining a part of the same, as described.

3. The combination of the face-cover audits attached tap with the short corrugated connecting-tubes and the reservoir, as described.

4. The combination of the face-cover, theconnecting-tubes, and the reservoir with an intermediate lter, adapted to purify the air expelled from the lungs, as described.

5. The combination, with the face-cover, of the straps ff', arranged as described, for the purpose set forth. 1

SAMUEL BARTON. Vitnesses:

G. H. BrLLrNGs, CHAaLEs lWIARsHALL, Jr. 

